SENTENCE AND ITS KINDS

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 SENTENCE AND ITS KINDS

Sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete sense. 

Based on meaning a sentence can be divided into five kinds.
They are:-

1. Assertive Sentence

2. Interrogative Sentence

3. Imperative Sentence

4. Optative Sentence

5. Exclamatory Sentence. 

Assertive Sentence

The sentences that describe a usual incident or indicate a statement are called Assertive Sentence. Mostly an Assertive Sentence starts with a subject and ends with full stop (.) .

Assertive Sentences are of two kinds. They are:-

     Affirmative Sentence
     Negative  Sentence

             AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
The sentences that have a positive sense are called Affirmative Sentence.
Example:-
It is a good idea.


            NEGATIVE SENTENCE

The sentences that have a negative sense are called Negative Sentence.

1. I did not see them in the park.

2.She was not busy the day before.


INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE 

The sentences that make a question are called Interrogative Sentences. Interrogative sentences always start with an auxiliary verb or some wh question words. Interrogative sentences are of two kinds. They are -   

  • Yes no question
  • Wh question
Yes No Question

The question that can be answered with the words Yes or No are called Yes no question .
Example:-

a) Do you like coffee ?
= Yes, I do /  No, I don't 

b) Can you read the lesson ?
= Yes, I can /  No, I can't.

c) Did you tell her the matter ?
= Yes, I did / No I didn't .

WH QUESTION

The questions that starts with the Wh Question Words are called WH Questions.
                         or
The questions that can not be answered with the words ' Yes or No ' are called Wh Questions.

Examples;- 
1. What do you want from me ?
2. Why did you play cricket in the afternoon.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
The sentences that make us request, order and advice are called Imperative sentence. Imperative sentences are always in present tense. Imperative sentences start with a verb or some requested words while Assertive sentences start with a subject and Interrogative sentences with an auxiliary verb. Though the subject in the imperative sentences can not be seen, there is a single subject to all the imperative sentences, and it is ' You' .

Example

a) Water the flowers.
b) Copy the note.
c) Please help her.
d) Don't go there.

Not all imperative sentences are necessarily commands. They can be social expressions. For example
  • Get well soon
  • Have a nice day.
  • Have a sweet dream.

Imperative sentences are of three kinds. They are -

i) Sentences of request
ii) Sentences of order
iii) Sentences of advice 

      SENTENCES OF ORDER

The sentences that make an order are called sentences of order. They starts with an verb.
Example
 i) Don't go there.
ii) Start the machine.
iii) Post the letter.
iv) Receive the guest.

SENTENCES OF REQUEST

The sentences that make a request  are called sentences of request. This kind of sentences starts with requested words like Please, kindly etc. 

Examples;-

a) Please don't talk.
b) Please give me your copy for two days.
c) Please start the machine
d) Please don't tell her so.
e) Please have a cup of tea with me.
f) Please upload the photo in your website.
g) Please don't delete her image from that file.

SENTENCE OF ADVICE

The sentences that make an advice are called sentences of Advice.

Example;- 

a. Don't tell a lie.

b. Take care of your health.

c. Don't hanker after money.

d. Don't boast of your health.

e. Be kind to the poor.

OPTATIVE SENTENCE

The sentences that express a wish, a desire, a prayer or a blessing are called Optative Sentence. Normally an Optative Sentence starts with the word 'May' and ends with Full Stop (.) .

Example:-

a) May you be happy.
b) May God punish the guilty.
c) May you have a son.
d) May my friend pass the exam.
e) Long live our freedom.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE

The sentences that expresses the speaker's sudden emotion, feelings, joy, sorrow and wonder are called Exclamatory Sentence. The Exclamatory Sentences ends with the Exclamation mark (!). Sometimes the Exclamation marks is used after the Exclamation words such as - Hurrah, Alas, Bravo, Fantastic, Aha etc.
Example:-

a) Hurrah ! I have got the job.
b) Hurrah ! We have won the match.
c) What a shame !
d) Alas ! I am undone.
e) How lovely your puppy is !
f) What a beautiful idea it is !

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